Blood and Anemia (Please visit our Anemia page for more info)

Hematocrit (HCT/PCV)
Low (Anemia): Pale gums, lethargy, fast breathing, weakness.
High: Thicker blood, sluggish circulation, risk of clotting (dehydration or polycythemia).

Hemoglobin
Low: Similar to anemia—lethargy, pale gums, fast heart rate.
High: Linked to dehydration or hypoxia; symptoms depend on cause.

RBC (Red Blood Cells)
Low: Fatigue, pale gums, weakness—indicative of anemia.
High: Usually from dehydration or bone marrow issues.

WBC (White Blood Cells)
Low: Immune suppression, prone to infections, fever.
High: Infection, inflammation, stress; may see fever, lethargy.

Electrolytes and Minerals

Calcium
Low (Hypocalcemia): Muscle tremors, seizures, twitching.
High (Hypercalcemia): Weakness, vomiting, constipation, increased thirst/urination.

Chloride
Low: Vomiting, metabolic alkalosis—weakness, dehydration.
High: Dehydration, kidney issues.

Magnesium
Low: Muscle tremors, weakness, heart rhythm issues.
High: Rare; in kidney failure—lethargy, weakness.

Phosphorus
Low (Hypophosphatemia): Muscle weakness, difficulty breathing, loss of appetite, bone pain or fractures, weight loss or failure to thrive.
High (Hyperphosphatemia): Abnormal gait (mainly hind leg issues), appetite loss, vomiting, weakness or lethargy, seizures. Click here for treatment.

Potassium
Low (Hypokalemia): Muscle weakness, neck droop, lethargy, poor appetite. Click here for treatment.
High (Hyperkalemia): Irregular heartbeat, collapse, bradycardia.

Sodium
Low (Hyponatremia): Confusion, weakness, vomiting, seizures.
High (Hypernatremia): Excessive thirst, restlessness, tremors, seizures.

Endocrine / Hormonal (Please visit our Hyperthyroidism page for more info)

Glucose
Low (Hypoglycemia): Weakness, seizures, trembling, disorientation.
High (Hyperglycemia): Thirst, urination, weight loss, lethargy—diabetes indicator.

T4 (Thyroxine)
Low (Hypothyroidism): Lethargy, weight gain, dull coat (rare in cats).
High (Hyperthyroidism): Weight loss, hyperactivity, vomiting, increased appetite/thirst.

Kidney and Urinary (Please visit our Kidney Disease page for more info)

BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen)
Low: Rarely symptomatic—could indicate liver dysfunction or overhydration.
High: Vomiting, appetite loss, lethargy—commonly kidney-related.

Creatinine
Low: Not usually significant.
High: Nausea, weight loss, bad breath, kidney failure signs.

SDMA (Symmetric Dimethylarginine)
High: Early kidney disease marker—rises before creatinine. No direct symptoms.

Liver and Biliary

Albumin
Low: Liver, kidney, or GI disease—may cause edema.
High: Usually due to dehydration.

ALKP (Alkaline Phosphatase)
Low: Rarely an issue.
High: Liver disease, hyperthyroidism, corticosteroid use.

ALT (Alanine Aminotransferase)
Low: Not usually significant.
High: Liver cell damage—lethargy, vomiting, jaundice.

AST (Aspartate Aminotransferase)
Low: Not usually significant.
High: Liver or muscle damage.

GGT (Gamma Glutamyl Transferase)
Low: Normal.
High: Liver or biliary disease—especially when paired with high ALKP.

Globulin
Low: Immune deficiency, protein-losing diseases.
High: Chronic inflammation, infections, or cancer.

Total Protein (TP)
Low: Poor nutrition, liver/kidney issues—weakness, poor coat.
High: Dehydration, chronic inflammation.

Nutrition and Vitamins (Please visit our Anemia page for more info)

Cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B12)
Low: Weight loss, poor appetite, diarrhea, anemia (esp. in GI disease).
High: Not harmful; often supplemented in GI/pancreatic disease.

d-Panthenol (Vitamin B5)
Low: Fatigue, poor coat, GI upset, slow healing.
High: No known toxicity.

Niacinamide (Vitamin B3)
Low: Weight loss, inflamed gums, diarrhea, anorexia.
High: Rare; usually well-tolerated.

Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6)
Low: Anemia, poor growth, seizures.
High: Neurologic signs with overdose (very rare).

Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)
Low: Poor coat, mouth inflammation, dermatitis.
High: Rare, typically non-toxic.

Thiamine (Vitamin B1)
Low: Head tilt, seizures, loss of balance, poor appetite.
High: Uncommon; excess usually excreted.

Pancreas and GI

Amylase / Lipase
Low: Not usually significant.
High: Pancreatitis or GI disease—vomiting, abdominal pain.

Cholesterol
Low: May suggest liver or intestinal issues.
High: Linked to hypothyroidism, diabetes, kidney disease.